From the editor and writers of Bright Lights Film Journal
Action! Interviews with Directors from Classical Hollywood to Contemporary Iran
(Anthem Art and Culture), by Gary Morris (Editor), Bert Cardullo (Introduction), Jonathan Rosenbaum (Foreword). London and New York: Anthem Press, 2009.
(Anthem Art and Culture), by Gary Morris (Editor), Bert Cardullo (Introduction), Jonathan Rosenbaum (Foreword). London and New York: Anthem Press, 2009.
"I dare anyone to squeeze between
two covers a more varied, useful and
flat out entertaining sampling of
the personalities that make the
seventh art the liveliest."
David Hudson, IFC.com
David Hudson, IFC.com
Of Psychotic Environments
and Corporate Hallucinations
The Animatrix on DVD
Masters of anime riff on The Matrix in this sizzling collection of
nine shorts
The robot historian of course would hardly be bothered by the fact
that it was a human who put the first motor together: for the role of
humans would be seen as little more than that of industrious insects
pollinating an independent species of machine-flowers that simply did
not possess its own reproductive organs during a segment of its evolution.
Manuel De Landa, War in the Age of Intelligent Machines
Manuel De Landa, War in the Age of Intelligent Machines
Like its parent narrative, The Animatrix is a truly groundbreaking
experiment, a distillation of anime, graphic novels, manga, electronic
music, technoculture, cyberpunk, philosophy, film
noir, speculative
fiction and sociopolitical critique so seamless that it has to be seen
several times to be fully grasped. Which is not to say that, like The
Matrix franchise, it does not work on the level of pure entertainment
alone. Far from it: Larry and Andy Wachowski's greatest boast
should be that they took thousands of years of tradition and compressed
it into a unique, brainy pop culture staple that can sell everything
from movie tickets to Powerade and Heineken.
But The Animatrix is not simply an anime version of the film
or its various backstories: it is the Wachowski Brothers' love letter
to the Japanese artistic tradition (itself influenced by Americans like
Max Fleischer, Walt Disney and onward) that gave them their stylistic
palette in the first place. That alone is a refreshing break from the
current American tradition of cross-cultural theft: everyone from comix
god Stan Lee to animation legend Hayao
Miyazake is being given short
shrift by an industry, pardon the pun, machine more interested
in marketing strategies than quality narrative. With The Animatrix,
the Wachowski Brothers have done the admirable: acknowledging the collaborative
nature of creativity, they've opened their own heavily armored franchise
to the potent talents that have nurtured it.
And the payoff is huge.

Mahiro Maeda's "Second Renaissance, Part 1"
Some of animation's formidable figures make their presence felt here,
and you can tell they were thinking about making an impact when they put
their hats in the ring. After all, for some Americans, this will be their
first introduction to the tech noir tastes of Shinichiro Watanabe, whose
Cowboy Bebop was a refreshing hybrid of freeform jazz, William
Gibson's Neuromancer cyberpunk, and film noir convention. Or Yoshiaki
Kawajiri, whose canonical
Ninja Scroll set the bar for anime's violent and sexual excess
so high that it has yet to be reached, even by his own equally lurid Wicked
City or Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust. Even homegrown talents
like Peter Chung, whose Aeon Flux was a midnight MTV delicacy back
in the very early ‘90s, have lamentably lived in the shadow of Disney
and Warner Brothers' animation monopoly. These guys have nothing to prove
after all, the Wachowski Brothers asked them to join the party,
not the other way around but the fact remains that their films
are far more famous than they themselves are.
Which itself is an American bias: if you separate the sloppy Gangs
of New York from Martin Scorsese or the awful Eyes Wide Shut
from Stanley Kubrick, then those movies go straight to video with zero
hoopla. Yet the United States seems to have no problem separating Ninja
Scroll, Akira, or Cowboy Bebop from their Japanese
creators because, simply, they're Japanese.
But The Animatrix will hopefully change all that, because there
is not a dead entry to be found here. Even the Wachowski-written Final
Flight of the Osiris, directed by Final Fantasy's Andy Jones,
is a heady work that dovetails directly into The Matrix Reloaded.
Although its main appeal lies in its crystal-clear digital renderings
something lasciviously displayed during the co-ed, nearly naked
swordfight showoff scene at the piece's beginning its heart-attack
action sequences (and believable sexual tension) blow the cliché Final
Fantasy out of the water. But more than anything, Final Flight's
coolest attribute, like The Matrix and The Matrix Reloaded
before it, is its deliberate multiculturalism. Watching a nearly nude
African-American male and Asian-American female almost get busy inside
the Matrix is titillating enough; what's stranger is that rarely will
you see that kind of thing anywhere else on film.
But neither will you see as textually sweeping an animation as the
two-part masterpiece, "The Second Renaissance," on film. Written by
the Wachowski Brothers to explain the power shift from "man" (women,
it seems, escape most of the blame when it comes to humanity's self-administered
extinction) to machine, "The Second Renaissance" hybridizes Blade
Runner, Metropolis, the Jewish Holocaust, biblical allegory,
Tibetan mandalas, Eddie Adams' Vietnam photography, horror anime, the
Tiananmen Square riots, the Japanese atomic apocalypse, and much more
into a breakneck theoretical treatise on the delicate tension between
the flesh and technology (what David Cronenberg's Videodrome
calls "the new flesh"). The Wachowski Brothers, and director Mahiro
Maeda, are at their finest here, relationally charting the evolution
of robot consciousness from slave to master within the blink of an eye.
It's a heady Hegelian stew, narrated with deep sympathy by a holographic
female avatar that provides the dark narrative its only (literal) bright
points. Turning metaphorically on Adam and Eve's stolen apple from the
Tree of Knowledge, "The Second Renaissance" posits the downfall of humankind
as an expulsion from Eden, the result of an arrogant decadence much
like that found at the last gasp of the Holy Roman Empire. The two-parter
is, by far, the most fearsome chapter of The Animatrix; as a
prelude to the franchise's first cinematic installment, it is an intimidating
success.
But that can truly be said for all of these riffs on The Matrix's
minor key melody. Kawajiri's stylish "World Record", directed by Takeshi
Koike, takes a mundane subject an exceedingly swift track star's
desire to make the history books and turns it into a quest for
self-knowledge (the knowledge, unfortunately for the athlete, is awareness
of the Matrix, for which he is punished forever). The same type of forbidden
knowledge leads the heroine of Koji Morimoto's poetic "Beyond" to a
similar fate, yet the narrative's trajectory comes from the accepted
"reality" first, conflating a technical glitch in the Matrix with the
folkloric convention of the haunted house. Except that, this time, it
is not witches, ghosts or ghouls but massive industrial trucks and gas-masked
thugs that terrorize this particular horror film ingénue into her banal
fate.

Shinichiro Watanabe's "Kid's Story"
That psychological dissonance rears its gorgeous head most notably
in The Animatrix's finest installments, Chung's "Matriculated"
and Watanabe's "Kid's Story". The final work of The Animatrix
written by the Wachowski Brothers, Watanabe's short relates the backstory
of Michael Popper, Neo's adolescent acolyte from The Matrix Reloaded.
Like Neo (and most teenagers these days), Popper feels resolutely disconnected
from the world at large, even though he's plugged into the Internet
all night, much like Neo was in the franchise's first film. After a
cryptic email from Neo "There is some truth in your fiction and
some fiction in your truth" it reads Popper heads to class, only
to be chased down by agents, one of which is his own teacher. Hand-drawn
in what Watanabe calls "rough" Japanese style, Popper's revelation propels
the animation into overdrive; as he races away from the enclosing agents,
forms and figures stretch into caricature, bodies spastically jerk from
here to there, and the entire world turns upside down in what
may be a deliberate or indirect homage to Richard Linklater's brilliant
Waking Life as Popper's fragmented psyche melds with the
machines' fractured "reality."
But Chung's piece takes The Matrix's empirical obsessions and
turns them on their philosophical heads. After having captured a robot
"runner," a group of renegade humans jack into a dream-state program
in hopes of changing the mercenary machine from a foe to a friend. Reversing
the theoretical current on The Matrix is a ballsy move, one that
hints at the subtexts of The Matrix Reloaded is Neo a
machine? Are the machines capable of recapturing a harmony with their
human counterparts? while opening the genre to the type of psychedelic
strivings found in Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey, which Chung
quotes directly in one scene.
After all, The Matrix's central thesis is this a dream
or reality? turns specifically on the ability to tell the difference
between a human dream (an unstable, almost psychotic environment) and
virtual reality (an ignorant but blissful corporate machination). Chung's
singular riff on that idea throws the "runner" into a human dream, turning
the tables; watching the machine break down in sad desperation as it
tries to negate the tenuous bridge between its unidirectional consciousness
and the less programmatic human mind is The Animatrix's most
poignant, heartfelt moment. The fact that your human empathy is spent
more on a doomed machine locked in a human dream (which, in pure Chungian
poetry, is almost entirely digitally rendered) than a human bound within
a machine's hallucination is the type of circular argument that the
Wachowski Brothers have built their entire rep on.

Peter Chung's "Matriculated"
Indeed, there are simply too many layers to count in Chung's piece
alone, to say nothing of the entire Animatrix. But the beauty
of the DVD format is that there's enough room for explanation, and there
are plenty to check out here ("A Brief History of Anime" is one of the
disc's best). But you can only explain so much; at some point, the individual
intellect has to take over and give narrative its personal shape. What's
so amazing about The Animatrix and The Matrix franchise,
for that matter is that there is literally so much material to
sift through, and so many ways to show it.
The Wachowski Brothers should be commended for not only concretizing
thousands of years of art (from 12th-century Japanese scrolls to 21st-century
digital technology) into a deeply unique form, but also allowing geniuses
like Watanabe, Chung, et.al. to add their particular vision to a tradition
that they helped create. Whether it is truly a dream or reality, The
Animatrix is hard to ignore. Even harder to stop watching.
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